Regenerative cell therapy represents the most perspective innovative method in treatment of consequences of a heart attacks of a myocardium both other functional and structural changes of a heart tissue. Are most widely used as a material for cellular transplantation and myocardium regeneration embryonic and meshenchymal stem cells, and also some other types of stem and progenitor cells. The primary goal assigned to stem cells — to be differentiated to the functionally active cardiomyocytes and to be integrated Into a myocardium tissue of the recipient. Management of a differentiation of stem cells goes in a myocardium at the expense of influence of a microenvironment and the direct intercellular signaling when cell-to-cell crosstalk between the neighboring cells regulates a differentiation direction. Now experimental acknowledgement was received by three basic types of interaction of stem/progenitor cells with cardiomyocytes, to some extent associated with a transdifferentiation. These are cell fusion, formation of intercellular contacts of gap-junction and recently found interaction type — tunneling nanotubes (TNTsl. In the review we consider the data on positive effects of stem and progenitor cells in heart pathologies and a role of intercellular interactions in realization of these effects.