raumatic brain injury CTBIJ is still a serious clinical problem. The conventional pharmacological methods for TBI treatment are able to slow down the concomitant neurodegeneration, and to partially attenuate the symptoms of trauma, but they do not provide complete motor and cognitive recovery from serious injury, or promote functional regeneration of neural tissue in the injury site. Cellular therapy with different kinds of stem cells, which are able to secrete a vast number of growth factors and neurotrophins, to differentiate into neurons and glial cells and to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of recipient's own neuroprogenitors, is the alternative to pharmacological approach. The aim of this review is to analyze the existing data about cellular therapy for treatment of TBI, especially about the treatment with the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells CMSCJ.